Childhood myopia: challenges, diagnosis, and management strategies

Abstract

This article examines current issues related to the prevalence of myopia among school-aged children, as well as the features of its early diagnosis and prevention in the context of increasing visual load. The author conducted a comprehensive analysis of risk factors contributing to the development of myopia, including screen time exposure, educational workload, reduced time spent outdoors, and genetic predisposition. The study employed a multilevel approach, including questionnaires administered to primary, middle, and high school students in Almaty city and Zhetysu region, as well as preventive examinations aimed at the early detection of refractive errors. To obtain objective data, descriptive statistical methods and comparative analysis of official statistical indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries were used. The results revealed a high prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren, exceeding official statistical data, as well as a low rate of adequate vision correction. The main challenges in early diagnosis were identified, including insufficient organization of screening examinations and the high workload of school medical personnel. The findings confirm the need to improve preventive strategies, increase awareness among parents and teachers, and implement a systematic approach to early detection and slowing the progression of myopia in children.