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Abstract
The article analyzes current trends in changes in natural and geographical processes in the context of global climate change, considered as one of the key factors in the transformation of the natural environment at the global and regional levels. The main focus is on changes in temperature and precipitation conditions, which have a direct impact on the dynamics of hydrological, geomorphological, soil and biogeographic processes. It is shown that an increase in the average air temperature contributes to the intensification of evaporation processes, degradation of glaciers and permafrost, as well as changes in the seasonality of river runoff. The intensification of extreme climatic events, including droughts, floods, and heat waves, leads to increased erosion, land degradation, and reduced stability of landscape systems. There is a shift in the boundaries of natural zones, a change in the structure and functioning of ecosystems, as well as a decrease in biodiversity. The article emphasizes that the transformation of natural and geographical processes is complex and interrelated, increasing environmental and socio-economic risks. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop integrated approaches to monitoring climate-related changes and developing adaptation strategies aimed at preserving the stability of natural systems and optimizing environmental management in a changing climate.